UGC NET Tourism — Complete Syllabus paper 1 + Paper 2 (Code 93)
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UGC NET Tourism — Complete Syllabus
Paper 1 + Paper 2 (Code 93)
The only guide you need. Both papers, all 20 units, every topic — structured, tagged, and ready for serious UGC NET Tourism aspirants. Save this page and make it your master reference.
🎓 What is UGC NET?
UGC NET (National Eligibility Test) is conducted by NTA (National Testing Agency) to determine eligibility for Assistant Professor, Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), and Ph.D. admission in Indian universities. Tourism Administration & Management is Code No. 93. The exam is held twice a year (June & December sessions).
Subject Code
93 (Tourism)
Total Papers
2 Papers
Total Questions
150 Questions
Total Marks
300 Marks
Duration
3 Hours
Negative Marking
None
Eligibility
Master’s 55%
Frequency
Twice a Year
Exam Structure
Paper 1 vs Paper 2
| Feature | Paper 1 | Paper 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Subject | General Teaching & Research Aptitude | Tourism Administration & Management |
| Code | 00 | 93 |
| Questions | 50 | 100 |
| Marks | 100 | 200 |
| Units | 10 | 10 |
| Marks per Unit | 10 marks (5 Qs × 2) | 20 marks (10 Qs × 2) |
| Mandatory | Yes — for all candidates | Yes — Tourism aspirants |
🎯 Eligibility at a Glance
Assistant Professor: Master’s with 55% (50% reserved) · No age limit · JRF: Same + Age up to 30 years · Ph.D.: NET qualified candidates may be exempted from university entrance tests · No negative marking — attempt all 150 questions.
1
General Paper on Teaching & Research Aptitude
Code 00 · 50 Questions · 100 Marks · 10 Units
I
Teaching Aptitude
Concept · Methods · Evaluation
- Teaching — Concept, Objectives, Levels (Memory, Understanding, Reflective)
- Learner’s Characteristics — Adolescent & Adult Learners, Individual Differences
- Factors affecting Teaching — Teacher, Learner, Support Material, Environment, Institution
- Methods of Teaching — Teacher-centred vs Learner-centred; Offline vs Online (Swayam, MOOCs)
- Teaching Support System — Traditional, Modern, ICT-based
- Evaluation Systems — Types, CBCS, Computer-based Testing, Innovations
II
Research Aptitude
Types · Methods · Ethics
- Research — Meaning, Types, Characteristics, Positivism & Post-positivistic Approach
- Methods — Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative, Quantitative
- Steps of Research, Thesis & Article Writing, Referencing Styles
- Application of ICT in Research, Research Ethics
III
Comprehension
Reading · Analysis · Inference
- A passage of text is given — questions test reading comprehension
- Tests ability to understand, infer, analyse and draw conclusions from written content
IV
Communication
Types · Barriers · Mass Media
- Communication — Meaning, Types, Characteristics
- Effective Communication — Verbal, Non-verbal, Inter-cultural, Group, Classroom
- Barriers to Effective Communication
- Mass Media and Society
V
Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude
Numbers · Series · Aptitude
- Types of Reasoning, Number Series, Letter Series, Codes & Relationships
- Fractions, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion, Percentage
- Profit & Loss, Interest & Discounting, Averages
VI
Logical Reasoning
Arguments · Logic · Indian Logic
- Structure of Arguments — Categorical Propositions, Mood & Figure, Fallacies
- Deductive & Inductive Reasoning, Analogies, Venn Diagrams
- Indian Logic — Pramanas: Pratyaksha, Anumana, Upamana, Shabda, Arthapatti, Anupalabddhi
- Vyapti (Invariable Relation), Hetvabhasas (Fallacies of Inference)
VII
Data Interpretation
Charts · Graphs · Governance
- Sources, Acquisition & Classification of Data — Quantitative & Qualitative
- Graphical Representation — Bar Chart, Histogram, Pie Chart, Table Chart, Line Chart
- Data Interpretation, Data Mapping, Data and Governance
VIII
Information & Communication Technology
ICT · Internet · Digital Education
- ICT — General Abbreviations and Terminology
- Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio & Video Conferencing
- Digital Initiatives in Higher Education, ICT and Governance
IX
People, Development & Environment
SDGs · Pollution · Climate
- SDGs, Millennium Development Goals, Anthropogenic Activities
- Environmental Issues — Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Waste, Climate Change
- Natural Resources — Solar, Wind, Hydro, Nuclear, Biomass, Geothermal
- Natural Hazards & Disasters, Mitigation Strategies
- Environmental Protection Act (1986), Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, Rio Summit, Montreal Protocol
X
Higher Education System
History · Policy · Governance
- Institutions of Higher Learning in Ancient India
- Evolution of Higher Learning & Research in Post-Independence India
- Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional Learning Programmes
- Professional, Technical and Skill-based Education
- Value Education, Environmental Education, Policies & Governance
💡 Paper 1 Strategy
5 questions × 2 marks from each unit = 100 marks total. Focus most on Units I, II, VI, VII and IX. Unit III (Comprehension) is free marks if you read carefully. No negative marking — attempt ALL 50 questions.
2
Tourism Administration & Management
Code 93 · 100 Questions · 200 Marks · 10 Units
I
Nature & Foundation of Tourism
Definitions · History · Systems · Impacts
- Tourist / Visitor / Traveller / Excursionist — Definitions and Differences
- Early & Medieval Travel, Renaissance, Birth of Mass Tourism, Old & New Age Tourism
- Forms of Tourism — Inbound, Outbound, National, International
- Nature, Scope & Characteristics of Tourism, Need for Measurement
- Tourism Systems — Leiper’s Geo-spatial Model, Mill-Morrison, Mathieson & Wall
- Butler’s TALC, Doxey’s Irridex Index, Demonstration Effect
- Crompton’s Push & Pull Theory, Stanley Plog’s Model, Gunn’s Model
- Tourism Industry Network — Direct, Indirect, Support Services
- Tourism Impacts — Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental (Positive & Negative)
- Seasonality, Sociology of Tourism, Travel Motivators
- Organizations — UNWTO, IATA, ICAO, UFTAA, ASTA, PATA, WTTC, TAAI, IATO, FHRAI, ITDC
II
World Geography & Environment
IATA Geography · Climate · Environment Laws
- Earth’s Movement, Latitude, Longitude, IATA Areas, Sub-areas, Sub-regions
- IATA 3-Letter City Codes, 2-Letter Airline Codes, Airport Codes
- International Date Line, Time Zones, GMT, Local Time, Flying & Elapsed Time, DST
- World Geography — Climate & Vegetation of Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia
- Physical Geography of India — Rivers, Mountains, Plateaus, Coasts, Deserts
- Contemporary Trends in International Tourist Movements
- Environment Act, EIA, EIS, EMS, Carrying Capacity
- Forest Act, Forest Conservation Act, Wildlife Protection Act
III
Tourism Products of India
Heritage · Culture · Wildlife · Special Interest
- Tourist Attractions — Concept & Classification, Heritage (Indigenous & Colonial)
- Handicrafts, Fairs & Festivals, Classical & Folk Dances, Indian Music
- Historical Monuments — Temples, Caves, Stupas, Forts, Palaces, Islamic & Colonial Architecture
- World Heritage Sites of India, Major Religious Centres (Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh, Islamic, Christian)
- National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries — Corbett, Ranthambore, Gir, Periyar, Manas, Sunderbans, Kanha
- Hill Stations — Shimla, Manali, Darjeeling, Ooty, Munnar, Coorg, Gangtok, Gulmarg, Nainital
- Beach Resorts — Goa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep, Odisha
- Medical, Eco, Rural, MICE, Adventure, Film, Buddhist, Sufi, Wellness, Culinary Tourism
IV
Transportation in Tourism
Air · Rail · Road · Water
- Evolution of Transportation, Role of Transport in Tourism
- Air Transport — IATA, ICAO, DGCA, AAI, GDS, Open Sky Policy, No-frill Airlines
- Types of Air Journey — MPM, TPM, One-way, Return, Circle Trip, Excursion Fare, Add-on Fare
- Air Charter, Scheduled & Non-scheduled Airlines, Baggage Allowance, Travel Documents
- Railway — Euro Rail, British Rail, Amtrak, Trans-Siberian, Orient Express
- Indian Railways — Indrail Pass, Palace on Wheels, Royal Orient, Fairy Queen, Toy Trains
- Road Transport — Tourist Transport, Car Hire, All India Permits, Regional Transport Authority
- Water Transport — Cruise Ships, Ferries, Hovercraft, Major Cruise Lines
V
Travel Agency & Tour Operations
Travel Trade · Itinerary · Documentation
- Types of Travel Agent — Full Service, Commercial, Implant, Group/Incentive
- Types of Tour Operator — Inbound, Outbound, Domestic, Ground, Specialized
- Types of Tour — Independent, Escorted, Hosted, Incentivized
- Convention & Conference Tourism, Trade Fairs & Exhibitions, Meeting Planners
- Tour Costing — FIT & GIT, Tariffs, Docket Creation, Tour Vouchers
- Itinerary Planning — Steps, Tour Leader, Guide, Driver, Feedback Sheets
- Passport & Visa — Types, Procedures, FEMA, Foreigners Registration Act, Customs
- Travel Insurance, Currency, Baggage Allowance, TIM, Tour Brochures
VI
Hospitality Management
Hotels · Front Office · Housekeeping · F&B
- Characteristics of Hospitality — Intangibility, Perishability, Fixed Location, Inflexibility
- Atithi Devo Bhavah, Types of Hotels, Classification, Chain Operations, E-Hospitality
- Front Office — Reservation, Registration, Room Types, Meal Plans, Check-in, Payment Methods
- Housekeeping — Hierarchy, Duties, Room Supplies, Bed Making, Liaison with Departments
- F&B — Kitchen, Buffets, Beverages, Types of Restaurants, Room Service, Catering
- Airline Catering, MICE Catering, Banquet, Corporate Food Service
VII
Tourism Marketing
8 P’s · Branding · Digital Marketing
- Services Marketing — Concept, Need, Gap Model of Service Quality
- Market Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning, Relationship Marketing
- 8 P’s of Tourism Marketing — Product, Place, Price, Promotion, People, Process, Physical Evidence, Packaging
- Product Life Cycle, Pricing Strategies, Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling
- Tourism Distribution Channels, Global Marketing, Social Media & Digital Marketing
- Destination Image Development, Destination Branding, Place Branding, PPP in Destination Marketing
VIII
Tourism Planning & Policy
Policy · Sustainability · Economics
- Tourism Planning — Role of Govt., Public & Private Sectors, International/National/State/Local levels
- National Tourism Policy, PASLOP Method, Five Year Tourism Plans
- Sustainable Tourism, Pro-poor Tourism, Responsible Tourism, Community Participation
- WTO Guidelines for Planners, Urban & Rural Tourism Planning
- Economic System — Demand & Supply, Multiplier Effect, Displacement Effect, Forecasting
- Monetary Policy — Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, CRR, Inflation, Recession
IX
Research Methodology & Statistics
Statistics · Research Methods · Analysis Tools
- Measures of Central Tendency — Mean, Median, Mode; Dispersion — Range, SD, Variance
- Correlation & Regression — Pearson, Spearman, Bivariate, Multivariate
- Hypothesis Testing — t-tests, ANOVA, Chi-square, Parametric & Non-parametric
- Types of Research, Review of Literature, Sampling Methods, Data Collection
- Qualitative Research — Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Case Study, Phenomenology, Narrative
- Factor Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, Conjoint Analysis, Report Writing
X
Management & Finance
OB · Accounting · Financial Management · Law
- Managerial Functions — Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling
- Organisational Behaviour — Personality, Perception, Motivation Theories, Leadership
- Organisation Structure — Centralisation, Decentralisation, Matrix, Virtual, Boundaryless
- Basic Accounting — Double Entry, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance, Final Accounts, Depreciation
- Financial Management — Capital Structure, Capital Budgeting, Working Capital, Zero-based Budgeting
- Hotel Accounting, TFCI, Investments in Hotel/Aviation/Tourism Sectors
- Consumer Protection Act, Contract Act, Indemnity & Guarantee, Bailment
💡 Paper 2 Strategy
10 questions × 2 marks from each unit = 200 marks. Highest scoring units: I (Models & Theory), III (Indian Tourism Products), IV (Transport & Air Fares), V (Travel Agency & Documentation). Memorize IATA codes, national parks, hill stations, and tourism models thoroughly.
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